1. 保存整个网络
torch.save(net, PATH)
model = torch.load(PATH)
2. 保存网络中的参数（速度快，占空间小）
torch.save(net.state_dict(),PATH)
model_dict = model.load_state_dict(torch.load(PATH))
model.state_dict函数会以有序字典OrderedDict形式返回模型训练过程中学习的权重weight和偏置bias参数，只有带有可学习参数的层（卷积层、全连接层等），以及注册的缓存（batchnorm的运行平均值）在state_dict 中才有记录。以下面的LeNet为例：
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
class LeNet(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(LeNet, self).__init__()
self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(3, 16, 5)
self.pool1 = nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2)
self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(16, 32, 5)
self.pool2 = nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2)
self.fc1 = nn.Linear(32 * 5 * 5, 120)
self.fc2 = nn.Linear(120, 84)
self.fc3 = nn.Linear(84, 10)
def forward(self, x):
x = F.relu(self.conv1(x)) # input(3, 32, 32) output(16, 28, 28)
x = self.pool1(x) # output(16, 14, 14)
x = F.relu(self.conv2(x)) # output(32, 10, 10)
x = self.pool2(x) # output(32, 5, 5)
x = x.view(-1, 32 * 5 * 5) # output(32*5*5)
x = F.relu(self.fc1(x)) # output(120)
x = F.relu(self.fc2(x)) # output(84)
x = self.fc3(x) # output(10)
return x
net = LeNet()
# 打印可学习层的参数
print(net.state_dict().keys())
上面的模型中，只有卷积层和全连接层具有可学习参数，所以net.state_dict()只会保存这两层的参数，而激活函数层的参数则不会保存。层的名字是上面实例化时确定的，如果是利用nn.Sequential定义多个层时，用层的位置索引表示每个层，如下所示：
示例：用nn.Sequential搭建模型时的state_dict
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
class LeNet(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(LeNet, self).__init__()
self.feature = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(3, 16, 5),
nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2),
nn.Conv2d(16, 32, 5),
nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2))
self.fc1 = nn.Linear(32 * 5 * 5, 120)
self.fc2 = nn.Linear(120, 84)
self.fc3 = nn.Linear(84, 10)
def forward(self, x):
x = self.feature(x) # input(3, 32, 32)
x = x.view(-1, 32 * 5 * 5) # output(32*5*5)
x = F.relu(self.fc1(x)) # output(120)
x = F.relu(self.fc2(x)) # output(84)
x = self.fc3(x) # output(10)
return x
net = LeNet()
# 打印可学习层的参数
print(net.state_dict().keys())
★模型加载
当我们对网络模型结构进行优化改进时，如果改进的部分不包含可学习的层，那么可以直接加载预训练权重。如：如果我们对上述lenet模型进行改进，将激活函数层改为nn.Hardswish()，因为不包含可学习的参数，所以改进的模型的state_dict()没有改变，仍然可以直接加载lenet模型的权重文件。
当我们改进的部分改变了可学习的参数时，如果直接加载预训练权重就会发生不匹配的错误，比如：卷积的维度改变后会报错 size mismatch for conv.weight...（2）新增一些层后会出现 Unexpected key(s) in state_dict等
解决方案：遍历预训练文件的每一层参数，将能够匹配成功的参数提取出来，再进行加载。
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
class LeNet_new(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(LeNet_new, self).__init__()
self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(3, 16, 5)
self.pool1 = nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2)
self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(16, 32, 5)
self.pool2 = nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2)
def forward(self, x):
x = F.hardswish(self.conv1(x)) # input(3, 32, 32) output(16, 28, 28)
x = self.pool1(x) # output(16, 14, 14)
x = F.hardswish(self.conv2(x)) # output(32, 10, 10)
x = self.pool2(x) # output(32, 5, 5)
return x
def intersect_dicts(da, db):
return {k: v for k, v in da.items() if k in db and v.shape == db[k].shape}
net = LeNet_new()
state_dict = torch.load("Lenet.pth") # 加载预训练权重
print(state_dict.keys())
state_dict = intersect_dicts(state_dict, net.state_dict()) # 筛选权重参数
print(state_dict.keys())
net.load_state_dict(state_dict, strict=False) # 模型加载预训练权重中可用的权重
3. 保存网络参数，同时保存优化器参数、损失值等（方便追加训练）
如果还想保存某一次训练采用的优化器、epochs等信息，可将这些信息组合起来构成一个字典，然后将字典保存起来
# 保存
save_file = {"model": model.state_dict(),
"optimizer": optimizer.state_dict(),
"lr_scheduler": lr_scheduler.state_dict(),
"epoch": epoch,
"args": args}
torch.save(save_file, "save_weights/model_{}.pth".format(epoch))
# 加载
checkpoint = torch.load(path, map_location='cpu')
model.load_state_dict(checkpoint['model'])
optimizer.load_state_dict(checkpoint['optimizer'])
lr_scheduler.load_state_dict(checkpoint['lr_scheduler'])
args.start_epoch = checkpoint['epoch'] + 1
4. 冻结训练
在加载预训练权重后，可能需要固定一部分模型的参数，只更新另一部分参数。有两种思路实现这个目标，一个是设置不要更新参数的网络层为requires_grad = False，另一个就是在定义优化器时只传入要更新的参数。最优写法时：将不更新的参数的requires_grad设置为False，同时不将该参数传入optimizer。
示例：LeNet网络+MNIST手写识别+预训练模型加载+冻结训练
import torch
from torch import nn
from torchvision import datasets, transforms
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
import torch.nn.functional as F
from tqdm import tqdm
transform = transforms.Compose([transforms.ToTensor(), transforms.Normalize((0.1307,), (0.3081,))])
train_data = datasets.MNIST(root='../dataset', train=True, transform=transform, download=True)
train_loader = DataLoader(dataset=train_data, batch_size=64, shuffle=True)
test_data = datasets.MNIST(root='../dataset', train=False, transform=transform, download=True)
test_loader = DataLoader(dataset=test_data, batch_size=64, shuffle=False)
class LeNet(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(LeNet, self).__init__()
self.feature = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(1, 16, 5),
nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2),
nn.Conv2d(16, 32, 5),
nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2))
self.fc1 = nn.Linear(32 * 4 * 4, 120)
self.fc2 = nn.Linear(120, 84)
self.fc3 = nn.Linear(84, 10)
def forward(self, x):
x = self.feature(x)
x = x.view(-1, 32 * 4 * 4)
x = F.relu(self.fc1(x))
x = F.relu(self.fc2(x))
x = self.fc3(x)
return x
def train(epoch):
loss_runtime = 0.0
for batch, data in enumerate(tqdm(train_loader, 0)):
x, y = data
x = x.to(device)
y = y.to(device)
y_pred = model(x)
loss = criterion(y_pred, y)
loss_runtime += loss.item()
loss_runtime /= x.size(0)
optimizer.zero_grad()
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
print("after %s epochs, loss is %.8f" % (epoch + 1, loss_runtime))
save_file = {"model": model.state_dict(),
"optimizer": optimizer.state_dict(),
"epoch": epoch}
torch.save(save_file, "model_{}.pth".format(epoch))
def test():
correct, total = 0, 0
with torch.no_grad():
for (x, y) in test_loader:
x = x.to(device)
y = y.to(device)
y_pred = model(x)
_, prediction = torch.max(y_pred.data, dim=1)
correct += (prediction == y).sum().item()
total += y.size(0)
acc = correct / total
print("accuracy on test set is :%5f" % acc)
if __name__ == '__main__':
start_epoch = 0
freeze_epoch = 0
resume = "model_5.pth"
freeze = True
model = LeNet()
device = ("cuda:0" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
model = model.to(device)
criterion = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=0.01, momentum=0.5)
# 加载预训练权重
if resume:
checkpoint = torch.load(resume, map_location='cpu')
model.load_state_dict(checkpoint['model'])
optimizer.load_state_dict(checkpoint['optimizer'])
start_epoch = checkpoint['epoch']
# 冻结训练
if freeze:
freeze_epoch = 5
print("冻结前置特征提取网络权重，训练后面的全连接层")
for param in model.feature.parameters():
param.requires_grad = False # 将不更新的参数的requires_grad设置为False，节省了计算这部分参数梯度的时间
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(filter(lambda p: p.requires_grad, model.parameters()), lr=0.01, momentum=0.5)
for epoch in range(start_epoch, start_epoch + freeze_epoch):
train(epoch)
test()
print("解冻前置特征提取网络权重，接着训练整个网络权重")
for param in model.feature.parameters():
param.requires_grad = True
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(filter(lambda p: p.requires_grad, model.parameters()), lr=0.01, momentum=0.5)
for epoch in range(start_epoch + freeze_epoch, 100):
train(epoch)
test()
参考：
1. 加载预训练权重